« Head » : Bruno Sareni
The GENESYS group is dedicated to designing the energy systems of the future centered on electricity, drawing in particular on its expertise in hydrogen technologies and system-oriented methodological approaches
The permanent team is composed of two full-time CNRS researchers, nine faculty members (including an emeritus professor and a tenure-track junior professor), a research engineer, and a design engineer. It is typically complemented by around fifteen doctoral students, along with several contract engineers, Master’s interns, and engineering students completing their final-year project.
Involved People : Bruno Sareni, Xavier Roboam
This topic aims to develop design approches that integrate in a structured way (either sequentially or simultaneously) the fundamental features of systems:
Architecture: the system and subsystem topology, the nature of the components (e.g. the type of storage element) as well as the technology associated with a given component
Sizing: scale effects, both in geometric and energy terms
Energy Mangagement: strategies for planning and controling power flows within the system
Environement: external factors influencing the system’s behavior (e.g. temperature, wind, or solar resources), which are inherently stochastic and intermittent, as well as the mission the system must accomplish (typically defined by the load profile to be satisfied)
A comprehensive and integrated design that accounts for all the couplings between these different aspects inevitably encounters a high level of complexity, which justifies the development of ‘systemic’ approaches. This complexity can be expressed along three dimensions:
The static complexity, related to the size of multi-source, multi-load systems, to the heterogeneity of the elements to be combined, and to the coupled disciplinary domains. This level of complexity also includes the numerous constraints and criteria that are now expected to be considered in system design: energy efficiency, integration (mass and/or volume), reliability and operational safety, lifespan, environmental impact, and economic cost.
The dynamic complexity, related to the dispersion of modes within systems, ranging from:
– Fast electrical modes (from less than a second to several minutes), affecting the control and management of dynamic storage devices such as electrochemical systems (batteries, supercapacitors) or flywheels.
– Electro-matter modes (from a few hours to several days), influencing material transfers (water or hydrogen) in large-scale storage devices (e.g., pumped hydro storage, redox flow batteries).
– Slow environmental evolution modes (from a few days to several months), associated with environmental cycles the system is exposed to (e.g., diurnal cycles and seasonal variation of solar irradiation). These modes are also characteristic of component aging processes within systems.
The resolution complexity, arising in particular from the increase in computation times of simulation models, is especially critical in an optimization context that requires a large number of system evaluations within its environment and mission framework. This resolution complexity is directly linked to the complexity of the models themselves, whose level of granularity is generally variable, thus determining the trade-off between accuracy and computational cost in the design process..
The methodologies under study aim to address the increasing levels of complexity in electrical engineering systems. They are structured around:
Multidisciplinary and multilevel optimization approaches (“Multidisciplinary Design Optimization”): these aim to organize the design process into several hierarchical levels, ensuring the integration of couplings between components and disciplines in complex systems. Current work on this topic, applied to ‘more electric’ aircraft, in collaboration with ONERA and IRT Saint-Exupéry, is leading to higher levels of complexity due to the number of disciplines involved (aerodynamics, aircraft structure, electric and thermal propulsion, cooling systems, electromagnetic compatibility…) and the number of parameters considered (up to a hundred decision variables and thousands of constraints).
Robust design and optimization methods to guarantee system robustness with respect to uncertainties: uncertainties related to probabilistic variables and/or model accuracy.
Methods for analyzing and processing environmental variables for their integration within systems.
Parametric identification techniques for building and analyzing complex physical models of components (e.g., fuel cells/electrolyzers or Plasma processes).
The team’s research relies on the GENESYS simulation environment developed in Julia, as well as on the MDO tools of LAPLACE’s partners: FAST-OAD (ONERA) and GEMSEO (IRT Saint-Exupéry
Technologies hydrogène : piles à combustibles et électrolyseurs
Personnes impliquées : Christophe Turpin, Amine Jaafar, Henri Schneider, Stephan Astier
Contact : Christophe Turpin
Depuis une vingtaine d’années l’équipe GENESYS s’intéresse à la caractérisation et la modélisation des piles à combustible en vue de leur insertion dans les systèmes électriques du futur. L’expérience acquise au cours des travaux antérieurs portant majoritairement sur des PEM BT a été complétée ces dernières années par l’exploration de nouvelles technologies : les PEMFC-HT (160°C) et IT-SOFC (650°C) en partenariat avec SAFRAN.
La caractérisation des performances des piles à combustible s’appuie sur des méthodologies exploitant les plans d’expériences associés aux conditions opératoires (T, P, HR, débit) et sur la spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique (SIE). Notre équipe s’intéresse à la modélisation du comportement des piles à combustible en régime sain mais aussi à l’étude des mécanismes de vieillissement en vue du diagnostic et du pronostic.
Les recherches s’orientent aujourd’hui plus particulièrement vers :
PEMFC-HT et BT : vieillissement en régimes dynamiques (impacts des di/dt, harmoniques générés les CVS, arrêts/démarrages…), calendaire, accéléré.
En parallèle, des études complémentaires portent aussi sur les électrolyseurs (PEMWE, SOWE, aqueux en collaboration avec le LGC) et le stockage H2 (hydrures) dans le contexte de la production d’hydrogène vert et du Power-to-gas.
L’ensemble de ces travaux alimente des réflexions au niveau « système » en s’appuyant sur les briques H2 : hybridation directe pile/batterie/supercondensateur, maîtrise des couplages électrolyseur/stockage H2/pile à combustible, utilisation de la combustion de l’H2 pour produire de la chaleur (en collaboration avec l’IMFT), contribution à l’émergence des piles/électrolyseurs multifonctionnels (en collaboration avec le LGC).
Involved People : Hubert Piquet, Nicolas Roux, Xavier Roboam, Fabien Lacressonnière, Bruno Sareni, Santiago Suarez
This topic builds on the previous two and covers the typical applications that the GENESYS group is interested in.
Over the past 20 years, the GENESYS team has carried out extensive work on the design of electrical networks in the context of more electric aircraft, drawing in particular on MDO approaches mentioned in the first topic. Research is now focusing more on hybrid propulsion, notably with the European HASTECS project. More recently, original concepts for electric propulsion have been developed with Safran Tech, with the work of A. Richard (2019-2022) resulting in a patent application. This work is continuing with the thesis of U. Ginestet (2022-2025).
Other studies also concern the railway sector, particularly the stability of power supply grids. The aim here is to identify the elements of the network that are likely to cause disruptions or instability and to propose palliative solutions in terms of sizing or energy management to remedy them.
The team is also focusing on the design of islanded or islandable microgrids, with research focused on codesign (sizing integrating energy management) and Tech-Eco² (Techno-Economic & Environmental) optimization.
Our research is moving towards the design of multi-energy microgrids, using heat/cooling and hydrogen carriers for electricity production or storage in order to compensate for the intermittency of highly integrated renewable energies. Methodologically, and in connection with the 1st topic, our studies focus on the robust integration of environmental uncertainties (production capacity, consumption, pricing policies, emission factors, etc.) and model uncertainties (level of accuracy, parameterization, etc.). System-oriented desgin approaches are conducted over the entire life cycle, taking component aging into account.
To implement battery storage into systems, our research focuses on battery modeling with the estimation of their state of health. The implementation of these battery models is based on characterization and aging campaigns carried out on the battery bench. Recent work (Lucas ALBUQUERQUE’s thesis – B2LIVE project https://ut3-toulouseinp.hal.science/hal-04505925v1), has made it possible to develop a model of second-life battery packs for the co-design of a microgrid. In the embedded field, the impact of direct fuel cell/battery coupling on the optimal sizing of the system has been studied (Thomas JARRY’s thesis – PIPAA project).
Under construction
The GENESYS group has many institutional and industrial partners:
Teams : CS, MPP, CODIASE, GREM3, MDCE, PRHE
To carry out its research, the GENESYS group has several platforms and testing facilities at its disposal.
This platform enables PHIL (Power Hardware In the Loop) simulation of embedded or stationary AC/DC microgrids including multiple energy sources (PV, wind, thermal generators), storage devices (batteries, fuel cell/electrolyzer association) and emulated loads.
Two types of emulators are used:
– “model-based” emulators that reproduce a mathematical/physical model of the components
– “image-based” emulators that reproduce, with possible scaling, the behavior of a “real” component tested under controlled environmental conditions.
The microgrid platform offers the possibility of simulating small-scale AC/DC network architectures up to 50 kW with scaling in terms of power, energy, or accelerated time. It allows energy management strategies to be compared for identical environmental conditions and real components compatible with the permissible power level to be tested.
This platform enables the testing of fuel cells (HT-/LT-PEM, SOFC) and electrolyzers (AWE, PEMWE, AEMWE, SOWE) at power levels of up to 240 kW, for the purpose of characterizing their physical behavior, aging, and integration into electrical systems.
The GENESY group has a battery testing platform for aging tests. It is equipped with a climatic chamber and an oven, allowing the characterization of cell performance within a pack, as well as BMS balancing strategies, under different temperature conditions.
The GENESYS group also has extensive expertise in developing power supply test benches for various plasma processes (surface treatment, pollution control, UV lamps, plasma jets for wound disinfection).
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